Neurotoxic non-protein amino acids in commercially harvested Lobsters (Homarus americanus H. Milne-Edwards).

Cyanobacteria produce neurotoxic non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) that accumulate in ecosystems and food webs. American lobsters (Homarus americanus H. Milne-Edwards) are one of the most valuable seafood industries in Canada with exports valued at > $2 billion. Two previous studies have assessed the occurrence of ß-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in a small number of lobster tissues but a complete study has not previously been undertaken. We measured NPAAs in eyeballs, brain, legs, claws, tails, and eggs of 4 lobsters per year for the 2021 and 2022 harvests. Our study included 4 male and 4 female lobsters. We detected BMAA and its isomers, N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine (AEG), 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) and ß-aminomethyl-L-alanine (BAMA) by a fully validated reverse phase chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. We quantified BMAA, DAB, AEG and BAMA in all of the lobster tissues. Our quantification data varied by individual lobster, sex and collection year. Significantly more BMAA was quantified in lobsters harvested in 2021 than 2022. Interestingly, more BAMA was quantified in lobsters harvested in 2022 than 2021. Monitoring of lobster harvests for cyanobacterial neurotoxins when harmful algal bloom events occur could mitigate risks to human health.

A novel dual-channel cassava starch/polyvinyl alcohol-based film for visual monitoring of shrimp freshness.

In this study, the polyvinylpyrrolidone-alizarin nanoparticles (PVP-AZ NPs) with favorable water dispersion and the carbon quantum dots (RQDs) with aggregate induced emission effect were synthesized to construct an eco-friendly film for food freshness monitoring. The introduction of PVP-AZ NPs and RQDs enhanced the network structure and thermal stability of the cassava starch/polyvinyl alcohol film, and reduced its crystallinity and light transmittance via non-covalent binding with the film-forming matrix. The developed film exhibited visually recognizable colorimetric and fluorescent responses to ammonia at 0.025-25 mg/mL, and it can be reused at least 6 times. Practical application experiment proved that the film, as an indicator label, can achieve accurate, real-time, and visual dynamic monitoring of the freshness of shrimp stored at 25 °C, 4 °C, and - 20 °C under daylight (orange yellow to purple) and UV light (red to blue). The integration of multivariate detection technology can eliminate the interference of external factors by self-correction to improve sensitivity and reliability, which provides a reference for the development of other food quality and safety monitoring platforms.

[Investigation of Anisakis infections in coastal marine fishes and awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge among residents in Yantai City in 2021].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of Anisakis infections in coastal marine fishes and awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge among local residents in Yantai City, Shandong Province in 2021, so as to provide insights into formulation of anisakiasis control interventions. METHODS: Marine fishes were purchased from Shunxin Port, Yantai City, Shandong Province in November 2021, and the presence of Anisakis was detected in different species of fishes and different fish sites. The correlations between body length and weight of marine fish and intensity of Anisakis infections were examined using Spearman's rank correlation analysis, and the dietary habits and anisakiasis control knowledge were investigated using questionnaire surveys among local residents. RESULTS: A total of 201 marine fishes belonging to 20 species were dissected, and Anisakis was detected in 77 marine fishes (38.31%) belonging to 11 species (55.00%), with a mean infection intensity of 45.04 parasites per fish (3 468/77). Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that the body length (rs = 0.74, P < 0.05) and weight (rs = 0.79, P < 0.01) of the monkfish correlated positively with the intensity of Anisakis infections, and the body length (rs = 0.68, P < 0.05) of the flatfish correlated positively with the intensity of Anisakis infections, while no correlations were examined between the body length or weight of other marine fishes and the intensity of Anisakis infections. Of all respondents, 53.38% men and 56.67% women did not know anisakiasis control knowledge at all, and there was a significant difference in the proportion of respondents using separate chopping boards for raw and cooked food from different villages (χ2 = 17.89, P < 0.01), while there was an age-specific proportion of respondents with habitats of eating raw or semi-raw seafood (χ2 = 28.27, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and intensity of Anisakis infections were high in coastal marine fishes in Yantai City in 2021, and the awareness of anisakiasis control knowledge was low among local residents. Intensified health education pertaining to anisakiasis control knowledge is recommended to reduce the risk of Anisakis infections.

Evaluation of the health of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) distributed in the Çanakkale strait, Turkey.

The observation of mortality in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) distributed in the Çanakkale Strait in recent years was influential in developing the research question for this study. In this study, the presence of bacteria (Vibrio spp.) and parasites (Marteilia spp. and Haplosporidium spp.) in mussels collected from Kumkale, Kepez, and Umurbey stations in the Çanakkale Strait was investigated seasonally. Microbiological findings, histopathology, oxidative stress enzymes and their gene expressions, lipid peroxidation, lysosomal membrane stability, and changes in haemolymph were examined. In summer samples, both the defence system and the extent of damage were higher in gill tissue. In winter samples, enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation were found to be predominantly higher in digestive gland tissues. Histological examinations and Hemacolor staining revealed the presence of protozoan cysts, and for bacterial examination, molecular analysis performed after culturing revealed the presence of 7 Vibrio species. While the total numbers of heterotrophic bacteria detected in all samples were at acceptable levels, the predominance of Vibrio spp. numbers among the total heterotrophic bacteria detected in almost all samples were noteworthy. The total hemocyte count was calculated as 5.810(4)±0.58 (cells/mm3) in winter and 7.210(4)±1.03 (cells/mm3) in summer. These factors are considered to be possible causes of mussel mortality.

Could fish aggregation at ocean aquaculture augment wild populations and local fisheries?

The global population consumes more seafood from aquaculture today than from capture fisheries and although the aquaculture industry continues to grow, both seafood sectors will continue to be important to the global food supply into the future. As farming continues to expand into ocean systems, understanding how wild populations and fisheries will interact with farms will be increasingly important to informing sustainable ocean planning and management. Using a spatially explicit population and fishing model we simulate several impacts from ocean aquaculture (i.e., aggregation, protection from fishing, and impacts on fitness) to evaluate the mechanisms underlying interactions between aquaculture, wild populations and fisheries. We find that aggregation of species to farms can increase the benefits of protection from fishing that a farm provides and can have greater impacts on more mobile species. Splitting total farm area into smaller farms can benefit fishery catches, whereas larger farms can provide greater ecological benefits through conservation of wild populations. Our results provide clear lessons on how to design and co-manage expanding ocean aquaculture along with wild capture ecosystem management to benefit fisheries or conservation objectives.

Mercury (Hg) concentration in fish commercialized in the São Luís fish market (MA) and potential exposure of consumers.

Fish consumption is the main path of human exposure to Hg and may represent a risk to public health, even with low Hg concentrations in fish, if consumption rates are high. This study quantifies, for the first time, the Hg concentrations in nine most commercialized species in the São Luís (MA) fish market, where fish consumption is high, and estimates human exposure. Average Hg concentrations were highest in carnivorous species, yellow hake (Cynoscion acoupa) (0.296 mg kg-1), the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) (0.263 mg kg-1), whereas lowest concentrations were recorded in iliophagous Mullets (Mugil curema) (0.021 mg kg-1) and the Shorthead drum Larimus breviceps (0.025 mg kg-1). Significant correlations were observed between Hg concentrations and fish length in two species: the Coco-Sea catfish (Bagre bagre) and the Atlantic bumper (Chloroscombrus crysurus), but not in the other species, since they presented relatively uniform size of individuals and/or a small number of samples. Risk coefficients, despite the relatively low Hg concentrations, suggest that consumers should limit their consumption of Yellow hake and Atlantic croaker, as they can present some risk to human health (EDI > RfD and THQ > 1), depending on the frequency of their consumption and the consumer's body weight.

Behavior and management of carp fish: A review.

Nowadays, fish production aims to achieve a continuous and immediate generation of top-quality animal protein from the finest sources. Moreover, the aquaculture industry holds a vital position in addressing the rising global appetite for fish and seafood products. In addition, it has played a substantial role in providing affordable animal protein in Egypt in recent years. Therefore, rapid development has occurred in the industrial aquaculture sector in Egypt to compensate for the decrease in red meat production. According to previous studies, Egypt occupied the first rank among African countries and the ninth position globally in the field of fish farming production. This achievement aimed to link up the disparity between fish production and consumption in Egypt. Carp, due to its economic importance in this industry, has expanded worldwide with more evident ecological influences. The carp fish belongs to the Cyprinidae family, which encompasses seven subfamilies, approximately 220 genera, and has been associated with around 20,000 documented species. Given the importance of carp with different species, this work reviews the management, behavior, and different rearing systems of some popular carp species in Egypt. Data search was done on PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for the keywords including fish farming, carp fish, management, behavior, rearing systems, Egypt, Africa, and Worldwide. In Egypt, the output of carp is ranked second only to tilapia in aquaculture. A polyculture system is more often used in carp rearing, particularly when raising tilapia, to maximize growth rates, minimize feed conversion ratios, and reduce the amount of fat in the corpses. Furthermore, agro-ecologically valuable agriculture has been linked to integrated carp monoculture. Crop rising was the key to the successful development of pond aquaculture.

Intake of different types of seafood and meat and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a prospective study supported by a dietary intervention in mice.

Detailed knowledge regarding the associations between intake of different types of seafood and meat and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and insight into possible mechanisms are warranted. In this study we aimed to evaluate the associations between intake of different types of seafood and meat and the subsequent risk of T2D using the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), and furthermore, by using a mouse model to gain further insight into possible molecular mechanisms contributing to the associated metabolic changes. Women in MoBa who were free of pharmacologically treated diabetes at baseline (n = 60,777) were prospectively evaluated for incident T2D, identified on the basis of medication usages > 90 days after delivery, ascertained by the Norwegian Prescription Database. Dietary intake was obtained with a validated 255-item food frequency questionnaire which assessed habitual diet during the first 4-5 months of pregnancy. Metabolic phenotypes and plasma metabolome were investigated in female mice fed isocaloric diets with different types of seafood and meat mimicking the dietary intake in the human cohort. During maximum 10-year and mean (SD) 7.2 (1.6) years follow-up time, 681 (1.1%) women developed pharmacologically treated T2D. All statistical models identified a higher risk of T2D with increased shellfish intake, whereas no associations were observed for total seafood, fatty fish, total meat and red meat in the adjusted models. In mice, the shellfish-based western diet induced reduced glucose tolerance and insulin secretion compared to the diet based on lean fish, and we identified a number of metabolites elevated in plasma from shellfish-fed mice that correlated with glucose intolerance. Mice fed a western diet based on meat also exhibited reduced glucose tolerance in comparison to lean fish fed mice, whereas mice fed fatty fish, total seafood or red meat did not differ from lean fish fed mice. We observed a diet-specific metabolic signature in plasma demonstrating five distinct metabolite profiles in mice fed shellfish, fatty fish, total seafood/lean fish, a mixed diet and meat. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that different types of seafood have different outcome on T2D risk. In women, intake of shellfish was associated with higher risk of T2D. In female mice, a shellfish enriched diet reduced glucose tolerance and altered the abundance of several distinct plasma metabolites correlating with glucose tolerance.

The synergistic effect of dielectric barrier discharge plasma and phycocyanin on shelf life of Oncorhynchus mykiss rainbow fillets.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dielectric barrier discharge treatment (DBD) combined with phycocyanin pigment (PC) in extending the shelf life of Oncorhynchus mykiss rainbow fillets stored at 4 ± 0.1 °C. Microbiological, physicochemical, sensory and antioxidant properties were assessed over an 18-day storage period. The combined DBD and PC treatment significantly inhibited total viable counts and Psychrotrophic bacteria counts compared to the rest of the samples throughout storage. While Total Volatile Nitrogen concentrations remained below international standard until day 18, they exceeded this threshold in control sample by day 9. DBD treatment notably reduced Trimethylamine levels compared to controls (p < 0.05). PC and DBD combined inhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacities by 80% and 85%, respectively, while demonstrating heightened iron-reducing antioxidant activity compared to controls. Analysis of 24 fatty acids indicated that PC mitigated DBD's adverse effects, yielding superior outcomes compared to controls. The ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids in all samples met or fell below international standard. Thus, the combined use of DBD and PC shows promise in extending fillet shelf life by over 15 days at 4 °C.

Genetic identification of three CITES-listed sharks using a paper-based Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC).

Threatened shark species are caught in large numbers by artisanal and commercial fisheries and traded globally. Monitoring both which shark species are caught and sold in fisheries, and the export of CITES-restricted products, are essential in reducing illegal fishing. Current methods for species identification rely on visual examination by experts or DNA barcoding techniques requiring specialist laboratory facilities and trained personnel. The need for specialist equipment and/or input from experts means many markets are currently not monitored. We have developed a paper-based Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) to facilitate identification of three threatened and CITES-listed sharks, bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus), pelagic thresher (A. pelagicus) and shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) at market source. DNA was successfully extracted from shark meat and fin samples and combined with DNA amplification and visualisation using Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) on the LOC. This resulted in the successful identification of the target species of sharks in under an hour, with a working positive and negative control. The LOC provided a simple "yes" or "no" result via a colour change from pink to yellow when one of the target species was present. The LOC serves as proof-of-concept (PoC) for field-based species identification as it does not require specialist facilities. It can be used by non-scientifically trained personnel, especially in areas where there are suspected high frequencies of mislabelling or for the identification of dried shark fins in seizures.

Effects of different high temperature-pressure processing times on the sensory quality, nutrition and allergenicity of ready-to-eat clam meat.

Investigating technologies to control the allergenicity of seafood is particularly important to safeguard consumer health, but there is currently a dearth of research focused on reducing the allergenicity of clam meat. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high temperature-pressure (HTP) processing times (121 °C, 0.14 MPa; 5, 10, 15, 20 min) on the sensory quality, nutrition, and allergenicity of ready-to-eat clam meat. With the extension of HTP time, the hardness of clam meat gradually decreased, the chewiness decreased initially and then increased, and the meat became tender. HTP processing endowed clam meat with abundant esters and aldehydes. Among all the processing groups, the umami and saltiness were better at 15 min, correlating with the highest overall acceptability. Ready-to-eat clam meat contained high-protein nutritional value. Compared with raw clam meat, the tropomyosin allergenicity of clam meat treated with HTP for 15 and 20 min was significantly reduced by 51.9 % and 56.5 %, respectively (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between these two groups. Appropriate HTP processing time might be an efficient condition to reduce the tropomyosin allergenicity of ready-to-eat clam meat and improve its quality, particularly for the time of 15 min. The results of this study could provide a reliable theoretical basis for the development of hypoallergenic clam foods.

Shift from income breeding to capital breeding with latitude in the invasive Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus.

Organisms vary in the timing of energy acquisition and use for reproduction. Thus, breeding strategies exist on a continuum, from capital breeding to income breeding. Capital breeders acquire and store energy for breeding before the start of the reproductive season, while income breeders finance reproduction using energy acquired during the reproductive season. Latitude and its associated environmental drivers are expected to heavily influence breeding strategy, potentially leading to latitudinal variation in breeding strategies within a single species. We examined the breeding strategy of the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus at five sites spanning nearly 10° of latitude across its invaded United States range. We hypothesized that the primary breeding strategy of this species would shift from income breeding to capital breeding as latitude increases. We found that though this species' breeding strategy is dominated by capital breeding throughout much of the range, income breeding increases in importance at lower latitudes. This latitudinal pattern is likely heavily influenced by the duration of the foraging and breeding seasons, which also vary with latitude. We also found that reproductive characteristics at the northern and southern edges of the invaded range were consistent with continued range expansion. We suggest that the reproductive flexibility of the Asian shore crab is a key facilitator of its continued invasion success. Our results highlight the influence of latitude on the breeding strategy of a species and emphasize the need for further research regarding the ecological importance and implications of flexibility in breeding strategies within species.

Wild fish consumption can balance nutrient retention in farmed fish.

Wild fish used as aquafeeds could be redirected towards human consumption to support sustainable marine resource use. Here we use mass-balance fish-in/fish-out ratio approaches to assess nutrient retention in salmon farming and identify scenarios that provide more nutrient-rich food to people. Using data on Norway's salmon farms, our study revealed that six of nine dietary nutrients had higher yields in wild fish used for feeds, such as anchovies and mackerel, than in farmed salmon production. Reallocating one-third of food-grade wild feed fish towards direct human consumption would increase seafood production, while also retaining by-products for use as aquafeeds, thus maximizing nutrient utilization of marine resources.

Molecular identification of sharks from the genus Sphyrna (Elasmobranchii: Chondrichthyes) in Maranhão Coast (Brazil).

Sharks of the genus Sphyrna are under intense exploitation globally. In Brazil's northern coast, this genus represents a high proportion of fisheries landings and comprises four species. However, due to difficulty of specific identification when specimens are landed, most of the records are limited to the genus level. Here we analyzed the effectiveness of ITS2 (Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 of rDNA) fragment length protocol (Abercrombie et al., 2005) for identifying hammerhead shark species, comparing with the analysis of COI (Cytochrome oxidase subunit I) and ITS2 sequences. We evaluated samples of muscle tissue acquired in the main fishing ports of Maranhão: Carutapera, Raposa e Tutóia. Sampling was conducted between March 2017 to March 2018 and complemented with material deposited in collection (2015). COI results indicated the occurrence of endangered species which are prohibited to be landed. These include Sphyrna mokarran (67%), S. lewini (15%), S. tudes (3%), and S. tiburo (15%). For the ITS2 marker, we investigated the optimization of the protocol developed by Abercrombie (2005) for to improve the use in this geographical area througout design of a new primers.

Differential Proteomic Analysis of Low-Dose Chronic Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning.

Shellfish poisoning is a common food poisoning. To comprehensively characterize proteome changes in the whole brain due to shellfish poisoning, Tandem mass tag (TMT)-based differential proteomic analysis was performed with a low-dose chronic shellfish poisoning model in mice. A total of 6798 proteins were confidently identified, among which 123 proteins showed significant changes (fold changes of >1.2 or <0.83, p < 0.05). In positive regulation of synaptic transmission, proteins assigned to a presynaptic membrane (e.g., Grik2) and synaptic transmission (e.g., Fmr1) changed. In addition, altered proteins in nervous system development were observed, suggesting that mice suffered nerve damage due to the nervous system being activated. Ion transport in model mice was demonstrated by a decrease in key enzymes (e.g., Kcnj11) in voltage-gated ion channel activity and solute carrier family (e.g., Slc38a3). Meanwhile, alterations in transferase activity proteins were observed. In conclusion, these modifications observed in brain proteins between the model and control mice provide valuable insights into understanding the functional mechanisms underlying shellfish poisoning.

The Presence of Bioactive Compounds in European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) Skin: A Comparative Study with Edible Tissue.

The presence of bioactive compounds in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) skin was studied. Proximate and lipid class compositions and analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profile (individual FAs; FA groups, i.e., saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated; FA ratios, i.e., polyunsaturated/saturated, ω3/ω6) were determined and compared to the composition of the eel muscle. As a result, higher (p < 0.05) levels of proteins (271.6 g·kg-1), lipids (38.0 g·kg-1), ash (27.7 g·kg-1), and ω6 FAs were observed in the skin tissue. Contrary, the muscle tissue showed higher (p < 0.05) moisture, ω3 FA, and ω3/ω6 ratio values. Regarding lipid classes, a higher (p < 0.05) proportion of phospholipids (111.1 g·kg-1 lipids), free sterols (104.7 g·kg-1 lipids), α-tocopherol (274.0 mg·kg-1 lipids), and free FAs (43.6 g·kg-1 lipids) was observed in the skin tissue. No differences (p > 0.05) between both tissues could be detected for triacylglycerol and FA group (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated) values and for the polyunsaturated/saturated FA ratio. It is concluded that European eel skin, a by-product resulting from commercial processing, can be considered a valuable source for the food and pharmaceutical industries by providing value-added constituents such as proteins, lipids, ω3 FAs, phospholipids, and α-tocopherol.

A Review of Cyclic Imines in Shellfish: Worldwide Occurrence, Toxicity and Assessment of the Risk to Consumers.

Cyclic imines are a class of lipophilic shellfish toxins comprising gymnodimines, spirolides, pinnatoxins, portimines, pteriatoxins, prorocentrolides, spiro-prorocentrimine, symbiomines and kabirimine. They are structurally diverse, but all share an imine moiety as part of a bicyclic ring system. These compounds are produced by marine microalgal species and are characterized by the rapid death that they induce when injected into mice. Cyclic imines have been detected in a range of shellfish species collected from all over the world, which raises the question as to whether they present a food safety risk. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) considers them to be an emerging food safety issue, and in this review, the risk posed by these toxins to shellfish consumers is assessed by collating all available occurrence and toxicity data. Except for pinnatoxins, the risk posed to human health by the cyclic imines appears low, although this is based on only a limited dataset. For pinnatoxins, two different health-based guidance values have been proposed at which the concentration should not be exceeded in shellfish (268 and 23 µg PnTX/kg shellfish flesh), with the discrepancy caused by the application of different uncertainty factors. Pinnatoxins have been recorded globally in multiple shellfish species at concentrations of up to 54 times higher than the lower guidance figure. Despite this observation, pinnatoxins have not been associated with recorded human illness, so it appears that the lower guidance value may be conservative. However, there is insufficient data to generate a more robust guidance value, so additional occurrence data and toxicity information are needed.

Evaluation of biotoxins and toxic metal risks in mussels from the Sea of Marmara following marine mucilage.

The mucilage phenomenon observed in the Sea of Marmara in 2021, has raised public concern about seafood safety. Mediterranean mussels serve as a vehicle in food chain, enabling the transfer of pollutants. Farmed and wild mussels were collected from 4 different stations throughout the fishing season. Biotoxins causing amnesic, paralytic, or diarrhetic shellfish poisonings (ASP, PSP, or DSP) were examined during monthly samplings. Potential health risks posed by cadmium, lead and arsenic were assessed. Health risks were evaluated considering 150 g/week mussel consumption, accounting for the different age groups of consumers (50, 60, 70 kg). Estimated Weekly Intake calculations of metals were determined to be lower than Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake at all age groups throughout the sampling period in all stations. Target Hazard QuotientCd of mussels captured from Istanbul Strait was always determined <1, while it was equal to 1 for 50 kg individuals in Gelibolu samples. All THQAs were >1. Target carcinogenic Risk was evaluated for Pb and iAs, which were found to be negligible and acceptable, respectively. No biotoxins responsible for ASP, PSP, or DSP were detected. Hg levels were under detectable limits. Excluding Cd, the results did not reveal any risks associated with mussel consumption during mucilage.

Uncovering the microbiome landscape in sashimi delicacies.

It is widely believed that a significant portion of the gut microbiota, which play crucial roles in overall health and disease, originates from the food we consume. Sashimi is a type of popular raw seafood cuisine. Its microbiome, however, remained to be thoroughly explored. The objective of this study is to explore the microbiome composition in sashimi at the time when it is served and ready to be eaten. Specifically, our tasks include investigating the diversity and characteristics of microbial profiles in sashimi with respect to the fish types. We utilized the Sanger-sequencing based DNA barcoding technology for fish species authentication and next-generation sequencing for sashimi microbiome profiling. We investigated the microbiome profiles of amberjack, cobia, salmon, tuna and tilapia sashimi, which were all identified using the MT-CO1 DNA sequences regardless of their menu offering names. Chao1 and Shannon indexes, as well as Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index were used to evaluate the alpha and beta diversities of sashimi microbiome. We successfully validated our previous observation that tilapia sashimi has a significantly higher proportions of Pseudomonas compared to other fish sashimi, using independent samples (P = 0.0010). Salmon sashimi exhibited a notably higher Chao1 index in its microbiome in contrast to other fish species (P = 0.0031), indicating a richer and more diverse microbial ecosystem. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index revealed distinct clusters of microbiome profiles with respect to fish types. Microbiome similarity was notably observed between amberjack and tuna, as well as cobia and salmon. The relationship of microbiome similarity can be depicted as a tree which resembles partly the phylogenetic tree of host species, emphasizing the close relationship between host evolution and microbial composition. Moreover, salmon exhibited a pronounced relative abundance of the Photobacterium genus, significantly surpassing tuna (P = 0.0079), observed consistently across various restaurant sources. In conclusion, microbiome composition of Pseudomonas is significantly higher in tilapia sashimi than in other fish sashimi. Salmon sashimi has the highest diversity of microbiome among all fish sashimi that we analyzed. The level of Photobacterium is significantly higher in salmon than in tuna across all the restaurants we surveyed. These findings provide critical insights into the intricate relationship between the host evolution and the microbial composition. These discoveries deepen our understanding of sashimi microbiota, facilitating our decision in selecting raw seafood.